Multiplexing and Data Rate Essay Example

Multiplexing and Data Rate Essay Multiplexing CHAPTER 4 Outline * Frequency Division Multiplexing(FDM) * Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing * Statistical Time Division Multiplexing * Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line(ADSL) Multiplexing * Set of methods that permits the concurrent transmission of different signs over a solitary connection * permits a few transmission sources to share a bigger transmission limit Link = physical way Channel = segment of a connection that conveys a transmission between a given sets of lines 2 CATEGORY OF MULTIPLEXING WDM FDM TDM ADSL Frequency Division Multiplexing * FDM †various signs are joined for ransmission on a solitary correspondences line or channel. Each sign is doled out an alternate recurrence (subchannel) inside the primary channel. * Useful data transmission of medium surpasses required transfer speed of channel * e. g. communicate radio and digital TV * Channel apportioned regardless of whether no information Frequency Division Multiplexing Diagram * Each sign is adjusted to an alternate bearer recurrence * Carrier frequencies isolated by monitor groups (unused transfer speed) †to forestall obstruction so flags don't cover. 3 FDM System FDM is a simple multiplexing method that consolidates signals. FDM process FDM Demultiplexing Example 1 Assume that a voice channel involves a transmission capacity of 4 KHz. We have to join three voice channels into a connection with a data transfer capacity of 12 KHz, from 20 to 32 KHz. Show the arrangement utilizing the recurrence space without the utilization of watchman groups. Arrangement Shift (tweak) every one of the three voice channels to an alternate data transmission, as appeared in next figure Example 2 Five channels, each with a 100-KHz transfer speed, are to be multiplexed together. What is the base data transmission of the connection if there is a requirement for a watchman band of 10 KHz between the channels to forestall obstruction? Arrangement We will compose a custom exposition test on Multiplexing and Data Rate explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Multiplexing and Data Rate explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Multiplexing and Data Rate explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer For five channels, we need at any rate four gatekeeper groups. This implies the necessary transmission capacity is at any rate 5 x 100 + 4 x 10 = 540 KHz, as appeared in next Figure. Model 3 Four information stations (computerized), each transmitting at 1 Mbps, utilize a satellite station of 1 MHz. Structure a suitable arrangement utilizing FDM Solution The satellite station is simple. We isolate it into four channels, each channel having a 250-KHz transmission capacity. Each computerized channel of 1 Mbps is adjusted with the end goal that every 4 bits are regulated to 1 Hz. One arrangement is 16-QAM regulation. Figure 6. 8 gives one potential arrangement. Simple Carrier Systems ATT (USA) * Hierarchy of FDM plans * Group 1. 12 voice channels (4kHz each) = 48kHz 2. Range 60kHz to 108kHz * Supergroup 1. 60 channel 2. FDM of 5 gathering signals on transporters somewhere in the range of 420kHz and 612 kHz * Mastergroup 1. 10 supergroups Analog Hierarchy To boost the effectiveness founda tion, multiplexed signals from lower transmission capacity lines onto higher-transfer speed signals FDM of Three Voiceband Signals FDM Applications 1. Regular utilized radio telecom AM and FM * AM (530 †1700KHz) †imparted to every single radio broadcast * FM utilizes a more extensive band (88 †108MHz) †each station needs more transmission capacity, 200KHz 2. TV Broadcasting * Each TV channel has own data transfer capacity of 6 Mhz 3. first Generation of Cellular phones * Voice signal 3KHz (300 †3300Hz) channels * Bt = 10 x Bm , in this manner each channel has 30KHz channels * every client has been distributed two 30KHz channel, along these lines 60KHz. Model 4 The Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) utilizes two groups. The principal band, 824 to 849 MHz, is utilized for sending; and 869 to 894 MHz is utilized for getting. Every client has a data transmission of 30 KHz toward every path. The 3-KHz voice is adjusted utilizing FM, making 30 KHz of regulated sign. What number of individuals can utilize their ellular telephones all the while? Arrangement Each band is 25 MHz. In the event that we separate 25 MHz into 30 KHz, we get 833. 33. As a general rule, the band is isolated into 832 channels. Frequency Division Multiplexing * Multiple light emissions at various recurrence * Carried by optical fiber * A type of FDM (same idea) * Eac h shade of light (frequency) conveys separate information channel * 1997 Bell Labs * 100 bars * Each at 10 Gbps * Giving 1 terabit for each second (Tbps) * Commercial frameworks of 160 channels of 10 Gbps now accessible * Lab frameworks (Alcatel) 256 channels at 39. 8 Gbps each * 10. 1 Tbps * Over 100km WDM Operation Same general engineering as other FDM * Number of sources creating laser pillars at various frequencies * Multiplexer merges hotspots for transmission over single fiber * Optical enhancers intensify all frequencies * Typically many km separated * Demux isolates channels at the goal * Mostly 1550nm frequency run * Was 200MHz per channel * Now 50GHz Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing * DWDM * No official or standard definition * Implies more channels all the more firmly divided that WDM * 200GHz or less TDM advanced procedure that permits a few associations with share the high transfer speed of a connection ach association involves a part of time in the connection TDM is a computerized multiplexing method to join information. TDM : Time Slots and Frames In a TDM, the information pace of the connection is n times quicker, and the unit span is n times shorter. Time Division Multiplexing Example 5 Four 1-Kbps associations are multiplexed together. A unit is 1 piece. Find : (1) the term of 1 piece before multiplexing, (2) the transmission pace of the connection, (3) the length of a schedule opening, and (4) the span of an edge? Arrangement We can address the inquiries as follows: 1. The term of 1 piece is 1/1 Kbps, or 0. 001 s (1 ms). 2. The pace of the connection is 4 Kbps. 3. The term of each schedule opening 1/4 ms or 250 ms. 4. The term of an edge 1 ms. Interleaving †¢ switches are synchronized and turn at a similar speed however inverse bearing †¢process of sending a unit information onto the way when the association on the multiplexing and de-multiplexing is open Example 6 Four channels are multiplexed utilizing TDM. In the event that each channel sends 100 bytes/s and we multiplex 1 byte for every channel, show the casing going on the connection, the size of the edge, the term of a casing, the edge rate, and the bit rate for the connection. Arrangement The multiplexer is appeared in Figure 6 Model 7 A multiplexer joins four 100-Kbps channels utilizing a time allotment of 2 bits. Show the yield with four self-assertive data sources. What is the edge rate? What is the casing term? What is the bit rate? What is the bit term? Arrangement Figure 7 shows the yield for four subjective sources of info. Coordinated Time Division Multiplexing * Possible when information pace of medium surpasses information pace of advanced sign to be transmitted * Multiple computerized signals interleaved of each sign in time during transmission * Interleaving can be at bit level of squares * Time spaces preassigned to sources and fixed Time openings assigned regardless of whether no information * Time spaces don't need to be equally conveyed among sources Synchronous TDM System TDM Link Control * No headers and trailers * Data interface control conventions not required * Flow control * Data pace of multiplexed line is fixed * If one channel beneficiary can not get information, the * others must c arry on * The comparing source must be extinguished * This leaves void spaces * Error control Errors are recognized and taken care of by singular channel frameworks Data Link Control on TDM Framing †¢Time space length = transmitter cradle length †¢Each outline contains a pattern of time allotment Framing bits follow an example to guarantee approaching stream synchronized with demux to isolate time allotments precisely * No banner or SYNC characters organizing TDM casings to deal with the general TDM connect * Must give synchronizing component * Added digit confining * One control bit added to each TDM outline * Looks like another channel â€Å"control channel† * Identifiable piece design utilized on control channel * e. g. substituting bit design 01010101†¦unlikely to be supported on an information channel * Can look at approaching piece designs on each * channel with sync design * If design not coordinate, progressive piece position re search until persevere o ver various edge * When build up, recipient keep checking the encircling piece channel * If the example break, the collector should again enter a confining inquiry mode Example 8 We have four sources, each making 250 characters for every second. On the off chance that the interleaved unit is a character and 1 synchronizing bit is added to each edge, discover (1) the information pace of each source, (2) the length of each character in each source, (3) the edge rate, (4) the span of each edge, (5) the quantity of bits in each casing, and (6) the information pace of the connection. Arrangement Answer as follows: 1. The information pace of each source is 250 x 8 = 2000 bps = 2 Kbps. 2. The term of a character is 1/250 s = 4 ms. 3. The connection needs to send 250 casings for every second. 4. The length of each edge is 1/250 = 4 ms. 5. Each edge is 4 x 8 + 1 = 33 bits. 6. The information pace of the connection is 250 x 33 = 8250 bps. Model 9 Two channels, one with a piece pace of 100 Kbps and another with a piece pace of 200 Kbps, are to be multiplexed. How this can be accomplished? What is the edge rate? What is the casing term? What is the bit pace of the connection? Arrangement We can distribute one space to the primary channel and two openings to the subsequent channel. Each edge conveys 3 bits. The casing rate is 100,000 edges for each second since it conveys 1 piece from the main channel. The casing term is 1/100,000 = 10 ms. The bit rate is 100,000 edges/s x 3 bits/outline = 300 Kbps. Heartbeat Stuffing * Problem Synchronizing different information sources * Each source has separate clock, variety among clock cause misfortune

Me Poetry Analysis free essay sample

The persona in this sonnet is an African American individual. This is outlined in the initial two sections of the sonnet where the speaker says that the individual in question, being an allegory for the African American race, is the Negro Problem. The peruser realizes that he is alluding to himself since he talks in first individual. Supper Guest: Me by Langston Hughes has a wide range of tones. One of the tones of the persona is outrage. This is appeared in the initial two refrains of the sonnet, â€Å"I realize I am the Negro Problem,† and in the last two stanzas, â€Å"Solutions to the Problem, obviously, pause. † The speaker recognizes the way that himself alongside the African American race are the Negro Problem that is available among the discussion of the white individuals during supper. The annoyance gets from the way that the speaker has become the Negro Problem on account of his prosperity being an African American and the achievement of his African American siblings and sisters. We will compose a custom article test on Me Poetry Analysis or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the last stanzas the speaker shows the nervousness towards the answer for this issue and realizes just that in time, the difficult will ideally be tackled. Another tone of the persona is not kidding. The general topic, being the requesting of opportunity, radiates a genuine tone on the grounds that the subject of bigotry and isolation in itself is a genuine themes and was a difficult that must be looked by the African Americans during the 1960’s when the sonnet was composed. This topic has been and as of now is being paid attention to. The persona additionally depicts a cryptic tone. This is found in stanzas four through nine of the sonnet, â€Å"Answering the typical inquiries that strike a chord which looks for bashfully to test in amenable manner the why and fortitude of murkiness U. S. A. † In this statement the peruser sees that in a mysterious way, the white individuals are attempting to sound obliging and kind while scrutinizing the dark race and their prosperity when in all actuality they are doing it because of haughtiness and unacceptance. Haziness U. S. A represents the corruptness of the white people’s considerations and discussion. Single rhyme and end rhyme: â€Å"Being wined and dined†¦ that comes to white mind† â€Å"To test in affable way†¦ of dimness U. S. A† â€Å"In current majority rule night†¦ ‘I’m so embarrassed about being white. ’† â€Å"The wine divine†¦ At the damask table, mine† â€Å"Park Avenue at eight†¦ obviously, pause. † Internal Rhyme: â€Å"Being wined and dined† â€Å"The wine divine† Alliteration: â€Å"The why and wherewithal† Assonance: â€Å"To test in respectful way† â€Å"Wondering how things got his way† â€Å"At the damask table, mine† â€Å"Park road at eight† â€Å"Solutions to the problem† End rhyme in the initial three refrains causes to notice the more profound importance on the sonnet. The speaker can be allegory for the African American populace that remaining parts the Negro Problem in America. For a littler scope, the Negro Problem is the subject of discussion at the table loaded with white individuals. The utilization of end rhyme in this sonnet additionally catches the reader’s consideration as it is speaking to the ear along these lines making the peruser need to peruse on. Over the span of the sonnet, the utilization of rhyming is utilized distinctly in specific spots and not toward the finish of each stanza. The absence of rhyming stresses the reality of the sonnet. A lot of rhyming plans depict an all the more light and upbeat tone, while a restricted sum depicts a genuine tone, which is appropriate for this sort of sonnet.

A Rose for Emily: Pressures of Society

Weights of Society Most individuals want to fit in with the social standard. Individuals would prefer not to be untouchables or unique. Everybody in a general public attempts to fit into their cutout structures to make themselves simply like every other person. Society doesn't care for the individuals who don't fit in and satisfy their guidelines. In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, the fundamental character Emily lives in a general public brimming with high ethics and money related status. The setting assumes a colossal job on the activities of Emily and powers her to detach herself from the remainder of society. A Rose for Emily† happens in post-common war Jefferson, a modest community in the profound south of the United States. The setting of the story lights up the estimations of society during that time. Emily's general public was based on the convictions that the white, high society residents were unquestionably progressively better than every other person. Being that they were progressively unrivaled, everybody was held to a better quality. The individuals of Jefferson were relied upon to have tidy and legitimate houses and yards, high ethics, and to comply with the entirety of the town's laws. While Emily was a piece of the privileged, she didn't exactly fit in to society's cutout form. Emily's home was a blemish to the remainder of the town, she was supposed to date a gay man who was of the common laborers, and she didn't make good on her charges. The individuals of the town started to scrutinize Emily's mental soundness since she was not simply like every other person. â€Å"Some of the women started to state that it was a disrespect to the town and an awful guide to the youthful people†¦. in any case, finally the women constrained the Baptist minister†¦. o call upon her. † (94-95) These activities show how much society really needed to change Emily's lifestyle so she would fit in with them and quit demolishing their picture. The southern nation setting with these cruel conditions drove Emily to secure herself her home so as to segregate herself from society. Emily didn't feel welcome in her general public. She realized that the others made a decision ab out her and looked downward on her for her activities. The weights of society negatively affected Emily. The front entryway shut upon the last one and stayed shut for good. At the point when the town got free postal conveyance, Miss Emily alone wouldn't let them affix the metal numbers over her entryway and append a letter drop to it. She would not hear them out. † (95). Emily felt just as she was an all out untouchable in her general public and she became crazy as a result of it. After her passing, the town discovers that Emily had killed her future spouse. She had really gone crazy because of the weight that society had put on her. All things considered, Emily's cruel society that she lived in made her vibe unwanted and go crazy. Emily felt constrained into securing herself away her home to detach herself from society. The high good guidelines that the rich white southerners place on society significantly influenced the life of Miss Emily. Emily didn't fit into society's cutout shape, and thus she was mocked and thrown away from the remainder of society. The weights of society can have a harming impact on the individuals who don't fit into the social standards.

Important Lessons in Animal Farm - Free Essay Example

Animal farm helps us determine and reflect all the different lessons that are different parts of the book. The lessons picked out were politics,corruption, absolute power, propaganda. The 3 lessons i am going to focus on in this essay is when power is given, then that power is only used to help oneself only and not to the good of the public, in the book absolute power creates corruption and corruption creates propaganda . These 3 lessons most affecting in the book, because after napoleon gets absolute power, he gets corrupted which leads him to changing everything to help himself up. So all these lessons have a connection with each other. The first lesson teaches us that when absolute power is given to one only then that power is not used for the publics good but for ones self only. A perfectly good example is when the squealer is convincing the animals that pigs have to eat apples and drink milk is for everyones good, because its scientifically proven that it contains substances absolute necessary for the wellbeing of a pig. Napoleon is misusing the power that he was given to make sure that he would be treated and fed like a king. This lesson is important because it teaches us when a person gains to much power, its first use it to make sure he/she is happy and satisfied. For example when Napoleon took away those dogs from jessie and bluebell, it could have been for the sake of protection from humans but instead those dogs were trained and used to help out napoleon get his way. Absolute power creates corporation, Napoleon and his pigs got corruption as they held the title of supremacy in the farm. To maintain there popularity with the other animals in the farm they had to change some of the rules so they wouldnt be accused of breaking the seven commandments, but this was done only with the help of squealer who was good with words . The new modified versions of Seven commandments is No animal shall drink alcohol to excess. No animal shall sleep in the beds with sheets. all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others. But then the most important of all Four legs good and two legs better! stated that the pigs have gotten to become more like humans than they were before. This lesson is considered to be important because looking at napoleon after he had gotten absolute power started to change everything around to get to his own way and become the one who controls everything, where the animal are treated like slaves because of there incapabil ity to understand and change napoleons plans. Squealers as napoleon right hand and minister has convinced the animals to believe in napoleons corrupted plains. Squealer who is the backup pig for Napoleons uses rhetoric to convince animals that napoleon is always right. He uses propaganda to cover up all holes in their plain for example in the beginning squealer uses propaganda to explain to animals that if the pigs dont consume apple and milk then who would think for there safety and then Mr. Jones would come back. In this propaganda was used so the pigs would have apples and milk instead of other animals and again was used for ones selfishness. This is another important lesson learned in animal farm,because propaganda aim is to make someone believe something in particular, it can be both good and bad ways. But in animal farm propaganda is only used to backup Napoleon so his reputation is still maintained and for him to have order among the animals. In conclusion, those lessons are most important lessons because they shaped the story. The 3 lessons focused on were when power is given, then that power is only used for oneself only and not to the good of the public. Absolute power creates corporation and propaganda is used to help cover up. If these lessons were not there than the russian revolution would have never shaped out. There would be no politics in the world.

Developed Countries and Economically Developed Countries...

The developed country can be classified also as the advanced country, more developed country (MDC), and more economically developed country (MEDC). Developed country means the country that sovereign state and has a highly growth of economics and modern technological infrastructure compare to the developing country and least developed country. There are several previous studies that have been done on the relationship between inflation rate and unemployment rate in developed country such as by Hogan (United State), Sack’l en (Sweden) and Andrei (Romania). They are done the same research with different method to get same objective. The most of the study is use a VECM method in their research. While, there is a few of the study was used a VAR†¦show more content†¦In the research said that a contractionary monetary shocks will increased the unemployment rate. He was using the Standard dynamic models of price adjustment in the research. Sackl’en and Lundborg (2006), they conduct a research about relationship between inflation rate and unemployment rate to study the low-inflation targeting and long-run unemployment from years 1959 until 2000. They use an ADP model and the United State panel data to conduct this research. As a result when they apply U.S. data, their results strongly rejected the conventional NAIRU model. Berentsen A. et al (2011), they conduct a research using a United State panel data. Their objective to do this research is to study the relationship between monetary policy, as measured by inflation or nominal interest rates, and labor market performance, as measured by unemployment in long run. After conduct the research, they find out that unemployment is have a positively relation to inflation and interest rates in the low-frequency data. Then, they developed a theory in which both labor markets and goods markets are modeled using the search-and-bargaining approach. The framework is tractable and many results, at least for steady states, can be derived simply by shifting curves. Cashiel (2004) has done his research to examine about the relationship between inflation rate and unemployment rate in US. He uses the Phillip Curve model and Nairu model to get a result of hisShow MoreRelatedMore Economically Developed Countries and Less Economically Developed Countries926 Words   |  4 PagesComparison Between MEDC and LEDC The comparisons between MEDC- More Economically Developed Country and LEDC-Less Economically Developed Country are many and varied but are mainly related to finance which gives the MEDC a higher standard of living for its occupants than those of the LEDC. Geographically most MEDC are situated in the northern hemisphere were as the LEDC are mostly in the southern hemisphere. Most MEDC are well advanced or have completed their development period for exampleRead MoreDeveloping A Economically Developed Countries1649 Words   |  7 Pages†¢ More economically developed countries (MEDC) - Countries with sovereign states and that has a highly developed economy with advanced technological industries as compared to other countries. The Human Development index, standard of living as well as the Gross national product of these economies is on the upper level of every chart. According to the International Monetary Fund, advanced economies comprise 60.8% of global nominal GDP and 42.9% of global GDP (PPP) in 2014. 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The BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China), the largest contributors to this growth, represent a greater share of the economic growth than the G7 countries (Michaelson, 2010). Between 2001 and 2013 the economic output of non-developed countries doubled fromRead MoreThe Causes Of Poverty And Underdevelopment1563 Words   |  7 Pagesviews regarding the modern world, existing relationships and differences between the Third World and developing countries. The theories both have similarities and differences in their approaches to poverty and undeveloped countries. Solutions are suggested by both theories, giving diffe rent strategies to improve the gaps or connections between the developed and underdeveloped countries and societies. Wehler (1975:11) explains the concept of Modernisation to be the development from traditional toRead MoreGlobal Warming Is Responsible For The Climate Change860 Words   |  4 PagesFirst world countries contribute most to the problems of unsustainable development and thus they should be responsible for resolving the issues caused by such developments, particularly when they are still having an indirect impact in promoting unsustainable development and have resources required to counter these problems. Researchers have proved that more than the increasing rate of population in certain developing countries; it is the per-capita negative impact that First world countries are havingRead MoreDeveloped Country Vs. Developing Countries988 Words   |  4 PagesDeveloped Country vs. Developing Country Developed and developing are the titles that countries around the world are being labeled by based on the development of their economy and technological infrastructure. Although these countries may carry a likely similar name, they are however completely different in many ways. The two types countries usually differ in their environment, population, education , and living conditions. Most importantly, they obtain distinct economies, which makes them part

Los Angeles Is A Problem For American Society - 1432 Words

Los Angeles is a city where many important and famous people live. Most people think that most of the population living in Los Angeles is rich because of famous places such as Rodeo Drive and Hollywood where most American movies are produced. The United States has a strong economy, is very safe, and solves a lot of big problems outside the border. United States has a lot of organizations, associations and charities for human rights; however, a big city like Los Angeles has a dark side, it has the highest percentage of homeless people, drug addicts and alcoholics in the United States. Almost all of these people live in one neighborhood, which is called Skid Row. It is located in the southern part of Los Angeles. It started as a home for†¦show more content†¦Since many of the migrant workers were single and male, the area also saw a proliferation of bars, whorehouses and other houses of ill repute, Today there is a large mission presence in Skid Row which can trace its roots t o that period (P1).† The history of Skid Row starts in 1880 and continues until 1930 to serve the Los Angeles worker population; as the article â€Å"History of Skid Row† explains better by stating: â€Å"People escaping war and difficult conditions in other places came to Los Angeles to start a new life. More and more people came year after year, so in 1930 there were around ten thousand homeless in Los Angeles. Skid Row started as cheap housing and homes for seasonal laborers but then alcoholics, drug addicts, refugees and homeless came to stay there† (P1). According to the same article: â€Å"In 1975, the area became part of the then newly adopted central business district redevelopment act†(P2). So it means in the seventies, the Skid Row area became just like what we know today. The area is still poor and is a problem for the Los Angeles Community. â€Å"Homelessness† is defined by Howard Bahr in his book Skid Row an Introduction to Disaffiliation as: â€Å"a condition of detachment from society characterized by the absence or attenuation of the affiliative bonds that link settled persons to a network of interconnected social structures† (P17). The definition describes the people who live in Skid Row because they are not settled and their social structure is

Comparison Fo Marketing Strategies free essay sample

In this term paper we will compare two companies, Splash of Landmark Group and Hamp;M, two leading fashion retailers in UAE. We will individually analyse the marketing strategies of the two companies and compare them to see which one is more successful in the UAE market. We will also suggest some recommendations for developing their strategies. Both of these companies have equally done very well with their marketing strategies in the past and even better in the year of 2008 while being under the influence of the economies downfall. Sustainability has been the main marketing strategy that has made Hamp;M a highly successful business and continues to do so to this day . In the case of Splash, its marketing strategy consists of aggressive selling with various offers and promotions for its customers. The topic we have chosen to write about is important because Splash and Hamp;M are well-known companies that are popular amongst young consumers. Learning about each marketing strategy will help educate us better on where they stand in the apparel industry in reference to others we know about. Comparing Splash and Hamp;M hopefully will give us a better understanding about the two companies and how we can make their marketing strategies better. In organising our paper we will start out giving the brief overview about the two companies and further proceed to analyse each of their brand positioning, pricing , promotion, e-marketing etc. After the explanation and analysis of each strategy we will proceed to suggest recommendations for improving their strategies. Hamp;M Evolution The history of Hamp;M started with a man named Erling Persson, who was a Swedish former salesman that became fascinated with America’s high-volume efficient outfits that Barneys and Macy’s carried. Persson first discovered the outfits when coming to the United States after World War II. Persson brought the retail concept – that high turnover produced lower prices – and brought it back with him to Sweden. It was then that Erling chose to open his own store which he called Hennes, standing for â€Å"hers† in Swedish. During this time the store only sold women’s clothing. The company Hennes was established in 1947 in Vasteras, Sweden and by 1968 Persson had purchased the men’s sportswear inventory and property of a Stockholm hunting equipment store which was named Mauritz Widforss. Erling Persson then changed the name of his store Hennes to Hennes amp; Mauritz to express the expansion, and later downgraded to just the abbreviations Hamp;M. By 1970 Hennes amp; Mauritz developed a children’s clothing line and by 1978 the store offered much of all family clothing. With Hennes amp; Mauritz offering a wide range of family clothing, it helped the company expand with the new generation of youth wanting to be able to express their individualities. Besides its Scandinavian base, Hennes amp; Mauritz expanded into the British market by by the later years of the 1990’s Hamp;M realized that their company had better results in their European market than their Scandinavian market. In 2000 Hamp;M finally came to the United States after historically being a European brand and set its dominance. Hamp;M’s is known for being of good quality and of good price. The dresses from the house of Hamp;M are conspicuous for the uniqueness of their designs and an appeal that is slightly off the beaten track. This company has dedicated online stores through which it serves fashion conscious and aesthetically inclined numerous men and women in US, UK and Europe with all the exquisitely designed apparel. SPLASH Evolution Headquartered in Dubai, Splash is the Middle East’s largest fashion retailer and part of the Landmark Group, one of the biggest retail conglomerates in the Middle East and India. Founded in 1993 as a single brand store in Sharjah, Splash has grown to over 125 Splash stores and 50 branded boutiques across ten countries. An ‘Eye’ for the latest global trends in fashion design offered at fabulous value is the soul of Splash which has carved a niche for itself as one of the most successful local players in the region’s high-street fashion category. Splash showcases popular collections for men, women and teens with a wide offering of fashion apparel and accessories to suit the customer’s every lifestyle need. Initially it was mainly a trading company, which used to buy and sell merchandise without any customization of the consumer offering. This trading focus continued till 1998 when the company started to evolve along the buying cycle. This buying focused approach saw Splash differentiate itself by selling products which were carefully selected to suit the needs and style preferences of customers. In the year 2000 the company progressed from a trading setup to a retail based organizational framework. In 2004 Splash started shifting its focus from being buying based, to a more product centric, design oriented approach which corresponded with the change in logo, to reflect the brands ambition to compete with the international brands present in the market. Design teams were created and frequent buying trips and trade show visits to every significant show around the world were arranged for the design teams. Splash progressively became a design oriented fashion retailer with a central focus on developing its own style for each collection.

What is the social responsibility of business free essay sample

Read the Debate on pp. 194-99 (Putting Customers Ahead of Investors by Jack Mackay, and Put Profits First by T. J. Rodgers). Write a 4-5 page argumentative essay arguing for or against this issue: What is the Social Responsibility of Business? Back up your argument with information from these 2 articles as well as using information from at least 2 other websites you have located. The support in your paper must be documented using in-text citations and a Works Cited page (MLA format). For proper documentation format, you may refer to these links as well as those found in the Webliography link under Research/Documentation. What is the Social Responsibility of Business? After reading these articles, I conclude that the social responsibility of a business is to make a profit. Both Friedman and Mackey were arguing the same thing, just painting the picture in different ways. Like the Rorschach inkblot test, they were both describing the same subject, with the same interpretations using different delivery methods. We will write a custom essay sample on What is the social responsibility of business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unfortunately capitalism runs the world. Fact is, our society is built off greed and the true Social Responsibility of any and all businesses is to do the bare minimum to lure in enough consumers to be able to make a profit and grow. When I read Putting Customers Ahead of Investors by John Mackey (Chairman and CEO, Whole Foods Market), I was sure that I agreed with his entire philosophy. I realized that I was just temporarily consumed by his better marketing scheme. As I continued to read the other articles Making Philanthropy out of Obscenity by Milton Friedman and Put Profits First by T. J. Rodgers I realized that they were all saying the same things, had the same ideas, and the same goal; to make a profit. In his article Making Philanthropy Out of Obscenity Friedman says, â€Å"Strip off the camouflage, and it turns out we are in essential agreement (pg1). † talking about he and Mackey’s ideas on the social responsibility of business. This became more relevant as I read along. â€Å"At Whole Foods, we measure our success by how much value we can create for all six of our most important stakeholders: customers, team members (employees), investors, vendors, communities, and the environment. † (Mackey, pg1) All businesses adhere to these same rules. Without any one of these stakeholders, a business wouldn’t succeed. â€Å"It is simply good business for a company to cater to its customers, train and retain its employees, build long-term positive relationships with its suppliers, and become a good citizen in its community, including performing some philanthropic activity. When Milton Friedman says a company should stay within the rules of the game and operate without deception or fraud, he means it should deal with all its various constituencies properly in order to maximize long-term shareholder value. † (Rodgers, pg 3) Both Friedman and Mackey realize that a business cannot operate without each of its respective parts working together to accomplish a common goal. Within a business there are many departments. Each of their day to day operational goals may differ but the overall organizational goals remain the same. This is the same for the stakeholders. Each of them are important because they hold stake in the companies well-being. Every company adheres to their stakeholder rules in some way shape or form. Just like the different departments within an organization the goals that the stakeholders want achieved differ from one another but one common goal remains the same. Everyone wants the company to see profit and growth just as the departments within the organization strive for the same. Just as the cells in the human body do different things they are all a part of something much larger than themselves. Look at companies like BP. They cause one of the largest disasters in history and in return, to redeem their public image, they pour millions of dollars into relief funds. Then they spend millions more on marketing, advertisements and public relations to let their customers and stakeholders know that they are working to fight for what society wants them to do; to protect the environment in which they operate in. But, that’s still just the bare minimum that they have to do as they still continue to drill and put the earth at risk every day. Yet, as long as they make the public â€Å"happy† than they will continue to do business as usual. Not until pockets are hurt by their own actions will something change within an organization. â€Å"While Friedman believes that taking care of customers, employees, and business philanthropy are means to the end of increasing investor profits, I take the exact opposite view: Making high profits is the means to the end of fulfilling Whole Foods core business mission†¦ Just as people cannot live without eating, so a business cannot live without profits. But most people dont live to eat, and neither must a business’s live just to make profits † (Mackey, pg 6). They literally are saying the same things, just in a different way. Either way both have to occur. At the end of the day an organization cannot exist without initial capital. That initial capital is generated by investors not by customers. As much as customers are the heart of companies that pump cash into its bloodstream that heart would be useless without the brain that is the entrepreneur and investors. Because of that fact businesses try to keep a difficult balance between pleasing customers and pleasing investors. Investors care about bottom lines while customers can be wooed with glitz and glamour especially when competition is low within that same industry. â€Å"Toward the end of his critique Friedman says his statement that the social responsibility of business [is] to increase its profits and my statement that the enlightened corporation should try to create value for all of its constituencies are equivalent. He argues that maximizing profits is a private end achieved through social means because it supports a society based on private property and free markets. If our two statements are equivalent, if we really mean the same thing, then I know which statement has the superior marketing power. Mine does. † (Mackey,pg 6) It’s true; Mackey does have the better marketing scheme. He makes it sound like, although profit is still the goal, he puts his customers first, which would definitely lure in more consumers. It is all competition within this capitalist society that we live in. In reality, pure capitalism is based on the philosophies of self-interest and individualism mixed with an unregulated economy and private property. In capitalism, the motive for producing goods and services is to sell them for a profit, not to satisfy peoples needs. â€Å"Production is started not by what consumers are prepared to pay for to satisfy their needs but by what the capitalists calculate can be sold at a profit. Those goods may satisfy human needs but those needs will not be met if people do not have sufficient money. † (http://www. worldsocialism. org/articles/what_is_capitalism. php) It is this profit motive of capitalism that is at the root of most of the worlds problems today, from starvation to war, to alienation and crime. Every aspect of our lives is subordinated to the worst excesses of the drive to make profit. We are a greedy and selfish society. Truth be told, our real needs will only ever come a poor second to the requirements of profit in this capitalist society we live in today.

Chiles Market Reforms essays

Chile's Market Reforms essays Without doubt, the reform to the market of capitals of Chile, has given a new impulse him to our economy. 15 are the measures, that they intend to give greater transparency, tributary flexibility, dynamism and incentives him to our market that as much needed it. They are: 1, Effects of Commerce Permite to emit on credit smaller bonds to companies than by size do not have access to emit bonds of long term, paying only by once the tax of timbres and stamps, which simplifies to the inscription and acquisition of titles by the AFP'S. 2. Reduction of the tax on the interests for foreign investors Iguala the tax treatment of the interests gained in instruments of debt bought by foreigners independently of if the debt is emitted outside or within the country, allowing to companies that not described by size and that participate outside accede to new source of financing. 3, Short sale of Actions and Bonds Exime of the tax of gains of capital to this type of operations (renting of actions with high presence and bonds compromised in stock market until by the term of a year and allows a greater liquidity in the market, being a key ingredient for the sprouting of the derived financial product market. 4. Taxes of capital gains Elimina the tax the gains of capital for the actions of high stock-exchange presence, acquired after the 7 of November, which increases the liquidity and depth of the market. 5, Emergent stock market and Exemption of the tax to the capital gains Crea a new segment of stock market for emergent companies, companies with a high potential of growth, different requirements of information and exempts of the tax to the gains of capital by purchase of actions in this stock market by of 3 years, allowing an alternative form of financing. 6, Market of private positionings and figure of the investor described Crea market as deprived positionings, for described investors, allowing an ...

Soda Drinks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Soda Drinks - Essay Example Soda drinks can be considered as refreshment drinks that one takes for the purpose of refreshment, acquisition of balance diet and for the purpose of easing fatigue. However, soda drinks undergoes reaction processes that can be well explained using chemical compositions and compounds. Important stage in the manufacture of carbonated drink process is the essence of high-pressure CO2 gas facilitation, which fills the cavities in the structure of liquids. This high pressure produces a hissing sound when cans as well as bottles carrying soda drinks are opened justifying the availability of carbonation processes. Carbon dioxide presence from the drink usually escapes forms a molecule called the nucleus with an aim of resisting fluids hence forming bubbles. The delicious sensation on the tongue is brought out by the existence of nucleus (Nivaldo 1 2-16). Shaking carbonated beverages accelerates the process of bubbles formation of the soft drink. However, we have got several factors that in fluences the process of carbon dioxide loss in water. This includes the surrounding temperature. When the temperature is low, the carbonation process is more effective and vice versa hence the gas is less dissolved under high temperature level (Maniatis 12-15).However, it is found that soft drinks are not compounds in nature but they are mixtures of various substances hence they do not have definite compound structure as well as definite composition structure. Substances such as carbon dioxide exhibits kinetic energy proportional to the temperature especially when in Free State just in air. Common ingredients in a soft drink include but are not partial to Water (H2O), Sucrose (C12H22O11), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonic acid (H2CO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), aspartame (C14H18N2O5), and artificial flavoring, which itself would be a list of several dozen and different chemicals as well. Meanwhile, during the processing of soft drinks reactions, we encounter exothermic reaction, which p roduces energy for stimulating and speeding up of carbon dioxide reactions. The exothermic chemical composition is represented as follows; C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + 6CO2. This leads to a respiration chemical formula of C6 H12 O6 + 6 H20 + 6 CO2 + Energy to produce soda drinks reaction norm (Nivaldo 23-39). By lowering the kinetic energy level and through acquisition of low temperature, the carbon dioxide gets to dissolves in water at a stable state. If the temperature is raised, the carbon dioxide usually tend to fall off and that is the main reason as to why it is recommended to take carbonated beverages during cold condition or at cold state. Soda drink exhibits sour taste, which is generated by the existence of carbon dioxide giving it a pH value of around 3.2 to 3.7. Being carbonated makes the soda drinks becomes free from bacterial contamination. Carbon dioxide plays a vital role in provision of specific flavor, which functions as an antibacterial preservative adhesive with natu ral beverage dissolvent (Maniatis 21-26) The content of carbon dioxide found in soft drinks majorly depends on the type of the drink availed on the market. Those beverages characterized by the fruit flavors, they contains high level of sugar with low carbon dioxide. The gylceryl abietate also known as brominated vegetable oil majorly is found in orange soft drinks. These help keep fatty flavors suspended in the liquid (density balancers and

Career Aspirations Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Career Aspirations - Research Proposal Example This is my short-term plan for the next 5 years. An accountant must be very good at numbers, precise, analytical and willing to work in a flexible schedule. There are many occasions wherein one has to render overtime especially when a lot of transactions were made in a single day .It is a must for an accountant to have an over-all knowledge of accounting, finance, budgeting, cost control and the GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles).It is also important for an accountant to be updated with existing financial regulations on the federal as well as national level. It is important for someone who wants to be an accountant to be very patient in handling details. But aside from the technical work, it would also be good if I have good interpersonal skills since I have to deal with different people inside an organization. I need to do a lot of explaining about finance which is sensitive topic for most people. Moreover, I believe I should be very, very objective. One of my strengths is the ability to persevere under trying conditions. I am a very patient person and this attribute would greatly help me in this career. For one, I have encountered a situation wherein I have to explain procedures that someone must follow. The incident happened when I was then assisting in my relative's small business during summer. They had a small grocery which had long-term customers. One grocer returned a box of milk since the date showed that it has already expired. I calmly explained that I need to keep the box as proof but I can't return her money since I do not have the authority to do so. She was insistent and started cursing me. I called my aunt on the cellphone and informed her of the situation. She immediately ordered me to refund the payment. At the end of the day, it was only then that I realized that I was patient and tactful in handling the old lady. I followed the procedure and asked for advice before I acted on the

China and Western Religious Beliefs Essay Example for Free

China and Western Religious Beliefs Essay In the early human social, Religious includes world explanation, judicial, moral cultivation and mental comfort, and other functions. In modern society, science and judicial have separated from some religious, but the moral training and mental comfort function will continue to exist. Religion’s belief systems and social groups are an important part of human thought culture and social form. 1.1 The History of Christianity The History of Christianity is the study of the religion started by a Jewish prophet from Nazareth named Jesus. Christianity would grow into one of the worlds major religions, impacting all other religions and changing the course of human history. Christian history mainly concerns the Christian religion and Church, up to contemporary times and denominations. Christianity differs most significantly from the other Abrahamic religions in its claim that Jesus Christ is God the Son. The vast majority of Christians believe in a triune God consisting of three unified and distinct persons: Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. Throughout its history, the religion has weathered schisms and theological disputes that have resulted in many distinct churches. The largest branches of Christianity are the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Protestant Churches. Christianity began spreading initially from Jerusalem, and then throughout the Near East, ultimately becoming the state religion of Armenia in 301 , of Ethiopia in 325,of Georgia in 337, and then the State church of the Roman Empire in 380. Becoming common to all of Europe in the Middle Ages, it expanded throughout the world during Europes Age of Exploration. Christianity has thus become the worlds largest religion. 1.2 The History of china religious Confucianism, also known as Confucianism, the Confucian doctrine, otherwise known as Confucianism, but does not refer to religion. Confucius as the master of Confucianism, so there is called Confucianis. Confucian classics formed in times of Confucius, but in different age the interpretation of Confucian classics are very different, so it is difficult get a comprehensive define to the Confucian. Essence of Confucianism can be said of social ethics and social management, ethics, or religious interpretation, but not the religion. Ming and Qing dynasties look the Neo-Confucianism that formed in Song Dynasty as official theory so the Neo-Confucianism has spread as mainstream of Confucianism. Comparison between Chinese and English religious beliefs 2.1 The Similarities They have the same background, the Christian was created When the Jews were ruled by The Roman Empire, Jews look forward to a person just like the farseer said who can take them moving towards freedom. While China, Confucianism and Taoism are created when the people were suffering in pain during the Warring States period, 2.2 The Differences 1. Separation of Man and God in Western religions and unity of that in China original sin is the foundation of Christian theory and practice . Because human ancestors, Adam and eva had sinned, corrupt moral invaded their body, and Transmitted to their descendants, the result is men are guilty, all mankind have sin. because of this people are bound to die, and will were punished in all their life. We can see from the original sin all things of Christianity are classified into two worlds: the human world and God’s world. Person’s world is a world separated from God, and human’s world depends on God’s world, so everything is the communication between the two worlds and its results. Obviously, Christianity preached that man and God, the separation of man and nature. While Chinese religion would emphasize that the harmony between man and nature, issues of life within a confined themselves, to solve problems with people- oriented. 2. Monotheism of western religions and pluralism of China religions Christianity is a strictly monotheistic, think that there only have one master of the universe that is God. According to predetermined level of order and purpose God arrange things of the universe. God as God, but also the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Starting this belief, the Christian establish a complete doctrine including Doctrine of God, creationism, human nature, original sin of Christ on, Salvation. Understanding the knowledge and stories of Bible is a very important part of the western cultural training. Therefore after the formation of Christianity it gradually established a fixed, unified values ​​and outlook on life. Those are met with the religious teaching, whether the regulation or the modern thoughts can not be divorced from the relationship with this religious. In practice, Christianity also starting from system to establish unified church organization such as church in urban and rural areas for christians to pray. Chinas religious has given people great freedom, so that people can hold religious sentiment in their hearts. Therefore, the God most Chinese people worship is not uniform. Most Chinese people do not belong to a religious organization, however, are more or less exist a unified spirit from Confucianism Buddhism and Taoism. The religious traditions in China, Confucianism has constituted the soul of Chinese culture in the long course of historical development. Many thinkers and politicians in China are based on the Confucian sense of responsibility to pursue truth, to maintain the orthodox and the implementation of reforms. On the other hand, in addition to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the Chinese folk religion and worship of God is also very much prosperity and universal, various gods are the object that believers worship incense. the strong contrast between the conceptual life and practical life resulted in the loss of religious values ​​and alienation in China, and also led to the emergence and spread of a variety of primitive superstitious beliefs and event. It caused abnormal development of the spiritual life, so that a heavy burden put on the reality of Chinese culture, many people have a spiritual emptiness

New England Weather :: essays research papers

In the New England area, the weather is very unpredictable due to the following reasons. New England sits right in the middle of the Jet Stream, a weather pattern that remains fairly consistent as it guides the weather for the entire United States. To the north of the Jet Stream, you have very cold Arctic air, and to the south of it, you have the warm moist Gulf air. These two factors help to create a very unstable atmosphere that can change the forecast of the weather at anytime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many New England states lie along bodies of water. This can also create an irregular weather environment because the warm air off the water can turn snow to rain in the winter, and a warm sunny day to a very chilly one in the summer. Elevation can also become a problem with weather forecasters due to the fact that the elevations of the New England states are all different. So at any one time, it can be snowing in New Hampshire, Raining in Massachusetts, cloudy in Rhode Island and Foggy in Connecticut. The randomness of such weather is the reason why, in New England if you do not like the weather outside, wait Five minutes and it will change†¦ do not like the weather outside, wait Five minutes and it will change†¦ do not like the weather outside, wait Five minutes and it will change†¦ do not like the weather outside, wait Five minutes and it will change†¦ do not like the weather outside, wait Five minutes and it will change†¦ do not like the weather outside, wait Five minutes and it will change†¦ do not like the weather outside, wait Five minutes and it will change†¦ do not like the weather outside, wait Five minutes and it will change†¦

Analysis of “Ave Maria”

Bethany Thompson Professor Breese English 266 3 February 2009 Analysis of â€Å"Ave Maria† Frank O’Hara’s poem, â€Å"Ave Maria,† encourages overprotective mothers to let their children experience life. The poem begins with the command, â€Å"Mothers of America / let your kids go to the movies! † He proposes a series of rationales for following this advice, including the conditional love of children who â€Å"won’t hate you† if they are permitted to do what they want.The true reason behind this directive, however, is made clear in lines 13 – 16: â€Å"they may even be grateful to you / for their first sexual experience / which only cost you a quarter / and didn’t upset the peaceful home. † The idea that a parent could provide a child’s first sexual experience may be shocking to parents, but O’Hara’s poem implies that by allowing them this experience, you have readied them for adulthood. Also, t he image of sexuality being priced like popcorn, â€Å"a quarter†, is amusing; it’s the pleasures of adulthood at quite a bargain.O’Hara initially contrasts the â€Å"peaceful home† – a room, a yard, â€Å"mothers,† and â€Å"little tykes† – with the movie theatre, â€Å"embossed by silvery images. † He then contrasts the parents’ overprotective instruction with that of a â€Å"pleasant stranger† who offers the equivalent: â€Å"they will know where candy bars come from and gratuitous bags of popcorn as gratuitous as leaving the movie before it’s over with a pleasant stranger whose apartment is in the Heaven on Earth Bldg near the Williamsburg Bridge†These children will learn about adulthood through gaining sexual knowledge. O’Hara paints a win / win situation. If â€Å"nobody picks them up in the movies/ they won’t know the difference / and if somebody does it’ll be shee r gravy. † He suggests that if they don’t get their first sexual experience, they will at least have seen a movie, instead of staying in their room â€Å"hating you. †   O’Hara concludes his poetic admonition with a warning. He cautions mothers not to blame him if they don’t take his advice and their families fall apart.The connection between keeping kids home from the movies and families falling apart may seem far-fetched, but the movies are symbolizing all the things a child is forbidden to do. Too much restriction will push them away. The final image is that of children growing â€Å"old and blind in front of a TV set† watching the films they weren’t allowed to see when they were small. This gives the impression that no matter how much a mother tries to shelter her children, they will eventually do all the things that were forbidden them.There are several things that draw attention to the mothers, the first being the title of the poem. Perhaps it is an ironic statement on the imperfection of mothers in comparison to the â€Å"Holy Mother. † There are two lines that suggest the mothers might have ulterior motives for sending their children to the movies. Lines 3 and 4 suggest mothers â€Å"get them out of the house so they won’t know what / you’re up to,† which implies the mothers also have something to hide.These motives are not the main focus of the poem and are undisclosed by the author. We are left to guess what the mothers are really â€Å"up to. † In short, O’Hara recommends that parents let their children experience life on their own terms. Parents are told that preventing their children from making their own choices will cause resentment and leave the children fantasizing about the experiences they wish they had. A wise parent allows their children to grow into experienced adults by letting them to go out and explore, not coddling by them.

Harriet Quimby - First Woman Licensed Pilot in the US